During the process, the nasal bones and cartilage are carefully readjusted, with the duration depending on the amount of bone and cartilage that needs to be removed or added with flaps or tissue grafts. First, an incision is carried out at the nasal floor under local or general anaesthesia. This procedure targets the upper nasal bone and the lower cartilage. Surgical rhinoplasty is an intervention aimed at modifying the nasal appearance in patients. The modification of the lower nasal cartilage of the left nostril during a surgical rhinoplasty procedure. Surgical rhinoplasty emphasises the application of grafting techniques while non-surgical rhinoplasty provides non-invasive options. Rhinoplasty can be categorised into surgical rhinoplasty and non-surgical rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic approaches despite its intricacy. Currently, it comprises four approaches, namely rhinoplasty, septoplasty, sinus surgery, and turbinoplasty, targeted at different sections of the nasal cavity in the order of their external to internal positions. Nasal surgery is a specialty including the removal of nasal obstruction that cannot be achieved by medication and nasal reconstruction. The third period of nasal surgery continues to this day with the subcategories of rhinoplasty, septoplasty, sinus surgery, and turbinoplasty coupled with the culmination of advanced plastic technology and the ongoing surgical development. The emerging idea of nasal surgery has then spread to the Roman Empire and other parts of the world. This laid a solid foundation for the evolution of nasal surgery. Under the ideologies of Ayurveda in 600 B.C., he used leaves as a template for the damaged nose, together with a cheek skin flap to reconstruct wounded noses. In view of the situation, Sushruta, regarded as the "Father of Plastic Surgery'', initiated the second period of nasal surgery. Nose amputation served as penalisation for war criminals and women deemed indecent, resulting in the demand for nasal reconstruction. There were no attempts to treat nasal damage, leading to complete loss of the nose. The first period of nasal surgery was dated back to 1500 B.C. The third period marks the current era of nasal surgery development. The second period was characterised by the need for restoring amputated noses in several countries. The first was when nasal operations only consisted of the repair of minimal external nose injuries. The history of nasal surgery can be separated into three periods. While there are potential risks and complications associated, the advancement of medical instruments and enhanced surgical skills have helped mitigate them. Furthermore, nasal surgery is also conducted for cosmetic purposes. It encompasses several types of techniques, including rhinoplasty, septoplasty, sinus surgery, and turbinoplasty, each with its respective postoperative treatments. Nasal surgery is a medical procedure designed to treat various conditions that cause nasal blockages in the upper respiratory tract, for example nasal polyps, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and chronic rhinosinusitis.
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